MS-Word 2007: um guia prático!

Muita gente tem tido dificuldade em utilizar o MS-Word 2007 (especialmente meus alunos, hehehe!) Para acabar de vez com esse problema, publico hoje para todos um Manual de uso bem simples do Word 2007.
Como a maioria ainda usa o velho Windows XP na máquina, o tutorial ainda o usa como base, porém lembro a todos que TUDO o quer for feito e dito pode ser aplicado ao Windows Vista. Espero que aproveitem!

Porque Navegar é Preciso!

Bom pessoal, o Firefox 3 está quase pronto! Não preciso ficar tecendo extensos comentários aqui sobre a excelência e maravilha que é o browser da Mozilla: quem usa sabe; quem não usa... nem mesmo o meu site (que é bastante simples!) consegue vizualizar corretamente!


LONG LIVE FREEDOM ON THE INTERNET! LONG LIVE FIREFOX!

Exemplos dos Tempos Verbais em Inglês: sem desculpas agora!

English Tenses – Examples

	Explanation	Past	Present	Future
		Simple Past	Simple Present	Future I Simple
Moment	action that takes place once, never or several times	He played football every Tuesday.	He plays football every Tuesday.	He will / is going to play football every Tuesday.
	actions that happen one after another	He played football and then he went home.	He plays football and then he goes home.	He will play football and then he will go home.
	state	He loved football.	He loves football.	He will love football.
		Past Progressive	Present Progressive	Future I Progressive
Period	action going on at that moment	He was playing football.	He is playing football.	He will be playing football.
	actions taking place at the same time	He was playing football and she was watching.	He is playing football and she is watching.	He will be playing football and she will be watching.
		Past Perfect Simple	Present Perfect Simple	Future II Simple
Result	action taking place before a certain moment in time; emphasizes the result	He had won five matches until that day.	He has won five matches so far.	He will have won five matches by then.
		Past Perfect Progressive	Present Perfect Progressive	Future II Progressive
Duration	action taking place before a certain moment in time (and beyond), emphasizes the duration	He had been playing football for ten years.	He has been playing football for ten years.	He will have been playing football for ten years.

Tabela dos Tempos Verbais: completa ao extremo!

Table of English Tenses

Tense	Affirmative/Negative/Question	Use	Signal Words
Simple Present	A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak?	action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule	always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, …)
Present Progressive	A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking?	action taking place in the moment of speaking action taking place only for a limited period of time action arranged for the future	at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now
Simple Past	A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak?	action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another action	yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
Past Progressive	A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking?	action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action	when, while, as long as
Present Perfect Simple	A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?	putting emphasis on the result action that is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking	already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Present Perfect Progressive	A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking?	putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present	all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week
Past Perfect Simple	A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)	already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)
Past Perfect Progressive	A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking?	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action	for, since, the whole day, all day
Future I Simple	A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak?	action in the future that cannot be influenced spontaneous decision assumption with regard to the future	in a year, next …, tomorrow If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.) assumption: I think, probably, we might …, perhaps
Future I Simple (going to)	A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak?	decision made for the future conclusion with regard to the future	in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future I Progressive	A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking?	action that is going on at a certain time in the future action that is sure to happen in the near future	in one year, next week, tomorrow
Future II Simple	A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken?	action that will be finished at a certain time in the future	by Monday, in a week
Future II Progressive	A: He will have been speaking. N: He will not have been speaking. Q: Will he have been speaking?	action taking place before a certain time in the future putting emphasis on the course of an action	for …, the last couple of hours, all day long
Conditional I Simple	A: He would speak. N: He would not speak. Q: Would he speak?	action that might take place	if sentences type II (If I were you, I would go home.)
Conditional I Progressive	A: He would be speaking. N: He would not be speaking. Q: Would he be speaking?	action that might take place putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action
Conditional II Simple	A: He would have spoken. N: He would not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken?	action that might have taken place in the past	if sentences type III (If I had seen that, I would have helped.)
Conditional II Progressive	A: He would have been speaking. N: He would not have been speaking. Q: Would he have been speaking?	action that might have taken place in the past puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action

Tenses em Inglês: uma comparação gráfica

Problems with the English tenses? Have a look at the time line, it might help you understand when to use which tense. As there is a similarity between past, present and future tenses, there are just a few rules to keep in mind.

If you know how to use the present progressive correctly to express present actions, you will as well be able to use the past progressive correctly to express past actions.

Espanhol: Falsos Cognatos = Dor de cabeça?

Palavras iguais com significados diferentes em cada uma das línguas: é aqui que os adeptos do portunhol dão suas escorregadelas. Parte-se do princípio de que se sabe mas como na verdade não se sabe, os equívocos são inevitáveis. Se um brasileiro receber em casa um casal de falantes natos de espanhol, e o homem, feliz da vida, comentar em bom portunhol: "Mia mulher está embarazada", o brasileiro, que não sabe que esta palavra possui mais de um significado em espanhol, mas acredita que entendeu dada a semelhança com uma palavra em sua língua, irá ficar preocupado com o excesso de timidez da mulher, e se esforçará ao máximo para ser mais atencioso, fazendo de tudo para tentar deixá-la o mais à vontade possível. Mas nunca lhe passará pela cabeça dar os parabéns pelo fato. Por sua vez, o estrangeiro ficará esperando alguma manifestação de alegria por parte do seu anfitrião, pois tudo que estava querendo dizer era que sua mulher estava grávida. Situações deste tipo podem acontecer porque existe uma série de palavras que são iguais em espanhol e português e, no entanto, significam coisas bastante diferentes. Por exemplo, se o mesmo casal de estrangeiros, após o jantar comentasse que "Todo estaba muy exquisito", o brasileiro que já tinha feito todo o esforço para agradar o casal, sentiria que seu convite tinha sido um grande desastre, e é claro que, a não ser por simples ironia, ele jamais responderia "gracias" para o seu convidado, nem poderia imaginar que este, muito satisfeito com tudo, estava elogiando o jantar, dizendo que havia sido delicioso.
Em outra situação, imagine você querendo elogiar um colega, chamando-o de "caprichoso" e este respondendo-lhe com uma cara de poucos amigos. Até que lhe explicassem o contrário, você não ia entender que o gesto correspondia ao fato de, na língua dele, você tê-lo chamado de teimoso. É assim que umas tantas palavras podem dar margem a confusões. Tudo depende de você estar falando a mesma língua do interlocutor. Leiam este pequeno texto:

LA PRESUNTA ABUELITA
Había una vez una niña que fue a pasear al bosque. De repente se acordó de que no le había comprado ningún regalo a su abuelita. Pasó por un parque y arrancó unos lindos pimpollos rojos. Cuando llegó al bosque vio una carpa entre los árboles y alrededor unos cachorros de león comiendo carne. El corazón le empezó a latir muy fuerte. En cuanto pasó, los leones se pararon y empezaron a caminar atrás de ella. Buscó algún sitio para refugiarse y no lo encontró. Eso le pareció espantoso. A lo lejos vio un bulto que se movía y pensó que había alguien que la podría ayudar. Cuando se acercó vio un oso de espalda. Se quedó en silencio un rato hasta que el oso desapareció y luego, como la noche llegaba, se decidió a prender fuego para cocinar un pastel de berro que sacó del bolso. Empezó a preparar el estofado y lavó también unas ciruelas. De repente apareció un hombre pelado con el saco lleno de polvo que le dijo si podía compartir la cena con él. La niña, aunque muy asustada, le preguntó su apellido. Él le respondió que su apellido era Gutiérrez, pero que era más conocido por el sobrenombre Pepe.
El señor le dijo que la salsa del estofado estaba exquisita aunque un poco salada. El hombre le dio un vaso de vino y cuando ella se enderezó se sintió un poco mareada. El señor Gutiérrez, al verla borracha, se ofreció a llevarla hasta la casa de su abuela. Ella se peinó su largo pelo y, agarrados del brazo, se fueron rumbo a la casita del bosque.
Mientras caminaban vieron unas huellas que parecían de zorro que iban en dirección al sótano de la casa. El olor de una rica salsa llegaba hasta la puerta. Al entrar tuvieron una mala impresión: la abuelita, de espalda, estaba borrando algo en una hoja, sentada frente al escritorio. Con espanto vieron que bajo su saco asomaba una cola peluda. El hombre agarró una escoba y le pegó a la presunta abuela partiéndole una muela. La niña, al verse engañada por el lobo, quiso desquitarse aplicándole distintos golpes. Entre tanto, la abuela que estaba amordazada, empezó a golpear la tapa del sótano para que la sacaran de allí. Al descubrir de dónde venían los golpes, consiguieron unas tenazas para poder abrir el cerrojo que estaba todo herrumbrado. Cuando la abuela salió, con la ropa toda sucia de polvo, llamaron a los guardas del bosque para contar todo lo que había sucedido.
Publicado en el libro Español en Acción - Tareas y Proyectos. Ed. Hispania 2008.


Será que conseguem identificar os falsos cognatos no texto acima? São muitos, mas muitos mesmo!!!!

• Presunta: suposta, presumível.
• Se acordó: se lembrou
• Regalo: presente
• Pimpollos: botões de rosa
• Rojos: vermelhos
• Carpa: barraca de camping
• Cachorros: filhotes
• Latir: bater, pulsar.
• Sítio: lugar
• Se acercó: se aproximou
• Oso: urso
• Um rato: um momento
• Berro: agrião
• Bolsillo: bolso
• Estofado: ensopado, cozido.
• Ciruelas: ameixas
• Pelado: careca, calvo.
• Saco: paletó
• Polvo: pó
• Cena: janta
• Apellido: sobrenome
• Salsa: molho
• Exquisita: deliciosa, gostosa.
• Salada: salgada
• Vaso: copo
• Se enderezó: ficou de pé
• Mareada: tonta
• Borracha: bêbada
• Largo: longo
• Pelo: cabelo
• Huellas: pegadas
• Zorro: raposa
• Sótano: porão
• Borrando: apagando
• Cola: rabo
• Escoba: vassoura
• Muela: molar (dente)
• Desquitarse: vingar - se
• Tenazas: alicates
• Cerrojo: fechadura

What's yappening?

Olá pessoal! Quem me conhece sabe muito bem que não sou daqueles de ficar "rasgando seda" para qualquer site por aí.
Mas com o yappr.com é diferente: um site leve e bastante divertido para todos que gostam de idiomas.
Lá você encontra vídeos hilários de propagandas, músicas, entrevistas e muitos mais com um grande diferencial: legendados e traduzidos. Curte Avril? Lá tem! É mais "tiozão"? Tem Beatles para relembrar.
O trabalho da equipe do yappr é colaborativo, ou seja, você também pode ajudar. Certamente você também irá querer saber "What's yappening?"

Exercício: AmE x BrE

Escreva o texto em American English! Escolha a melhor opção a partir no menu drop-down. Boa sorte!

A trip to London Last week I went to London by car. As there was an accident on the M25 I had to take the detour diversion . I stopped in front of a theater theatre to ask for the way. A young man told me to turn right at the crossroads intersection and ask again at the gas station petrol station . There a friendly sales clerk shop assistant told me to take the second exit of the roundabout traffic circle . After I had passed a pedestrian crossing zebra crossing I saw a bookshop bookstore and a large car park parking lot . I parked my car there and walked to the center centre of London.

AmE versus BrE part 4: de K a O

American English	British English
K
kerosene/kerosine	paraffin
kilometer	kilometre
Kleenex	tissue
L
labor	labour
ladies' room	Ladies
ladybug	ladybird
laundry soap	washing up powder
law offices	chambers
lawyer	solicitor, barrister
laid off	redundant
leash	lead
legal holiday	bank holiday
letter opener	paper knife
license plate	number plate
life vest	life jacket
to line	to queue
liter	litre
long distance bus	coach
lost and found	lost property
M
mail	post
mailbox	letterbox
mailman	postman
main street	high street
mashed potatoes	mashed potato
math	maths
Men's Room	Gents
mom	mum
motor (fuel-burning or electrical devices)	engine
motorcycle	motorbike
movie	film
movie theater	cinema
N
Native American	American Indian
neighbor	neighbour
newspaper store	newsagent's
newsstand	bookstall
nightstand	bedside table
notebook	exercise book
O
oatmeal	porridge
one-way ticket	single ticket
overpass	flyover
overtime	extra time

Abraços e bom estudo!